Instructions:
The test has the same format as before. For problems, show your work. For
underlined measurements in the problems, use correct precision and significant
figures in your calculation. Good Luck! Note: If you would like your test
, term paper, & grade to NOT be sent to your summer mail box, please
indicate where:
A. Short Answer Questions. (1 point each question except as noted.)
1.
REVIEW QUESTION: Of the three types of nuclear radiation, the type that
is not charged at all
is ? while
the type that was later found to be a helium nucleus is ? .
2. REVIEW QUESTION: Suppose 1,000,000 26Na nuclei, which has a half life of 1 sec, exist initially. After 3 sec ? (how many?) 26 Na nuclei remain.
3.
REVIEW QUESTION: Water in the pressurized water reactor performs two
functions:
It ? and
it ? .
4. The average nuclear power plant has an electrical energy output of (a) 1, (b) 10, (c) 100, (d) 1000, (e) 10000 Megawatts of electrical power.
5. What fluid serves as a heat transfer agent that is pumped into the typical MN flat-plate collector in an active solar system? (If you don't remember the name of the fluid, describe it for full credit.)
6. The girl scout home in St. Paul discussed in class receives about ? of its heat from solar energy.
7. Small slabs of silicon, about 2 inches in diameter, that convert solar radiation into electricity are called ? .
8.
A
general type of heat transfer which refers to heat carried by the actual
motion of a fluid (water or air) is called ? ;
this heat transfer as applied to a home where heat
is
lost out through the cracks and other
openings of a house is called ? .
9. A general type of heat transfer which refers to energy emitted by a hot object in the form of electromagnetic rays is called ? ; this heat gain resulting from sunlight shining in through the windows of a home is called ? .
10. A general type of heat transfer which refers to heat passing through a substance without a change in shape of the object is called ? .
11. Resistance to heat transfer of the type mentioned in question # 10 is called the ? for the material.
12. Which is better: a low evaluating factor or a high evaluating factor?
13. The average evaluating factor for a MN home is about ? . (Include units)
14. On Jan. 1, 2002, the high temperature
was 30 deg F and the low temperature was 10 deg F.
On
Jan. 2, 2002, the high temperature was 15 deg F and the low temperature
was -20 deg F.
The
number of degree days on Jan. 1 was ? ,
the number of degree days on Jan. 2 was ? ,
and
the contribution for both days was ? .
Physics 1110 - Test 4 - page 2
15. REVIEW QUESTION: Which of the following has the largest resistance to heat flow? (a) 1 inch of hardwood, (b) 1 inch of Urethane foam , (c) 1 inch of stone, (d) 1 inch of insulating board.
16. Heavy materials like concrete, masonry, and water have a high ? in that they store a lot of heat and allow temperatures inside the house to remain in a comfortable temperature range.
17.
The amount of solar energy which the earth receives at the top
of the earth's atmosphere is
about ? watts/m2
while at the earth's surface only about ? watts/m2
is received.
18. Ozone has two sides to its character in that at surface altitudes it hurts us because it ? while at very high altitudes it helps us because it ? .
19. The state of MN has no alternative when it comes to energy; it must import energy from other states now and in the future. (True, False)
20.
The Energy Economic flow chart which attempts to model a capitalistic
economy,
the "capital stock" block includes ? and ? .
21. There are two competing processes which occur for the south-facing windows in one's home. One is heat lost by ? while the other is heat gained by ? .
22. The best description of windows to most efficiently deal with the above two processes of question #21 are (a) single pane windows (b) double pane windows (c) triple pane windows.
23. The thermal process which consists of adding hydrogen to the organic molecules of the biomass in order to produce an energy-rich oil or gas is called ? .
24. Chemical decomposition of biomass heated in the absence of oxygen is a thermal process called? .
25.
In a biological process, bacteria which act upon biomass in the absence
of oxygen are called
? bacteria
and produces a type of gas called ? .
26. Which of the following contains the most carbon atoms per molecule as compared to hydrogen: coal, methane, oil?
27. The gas that is produced in septic tanks is nearly 100% pure methane. (True, False.)
28.
A toxic form of alcohol
is called ? and
is made from ? .
29.
A form of alcohol which is used in alcoholic beverages is called ? and
is made from ? ;
one
country, which powers its automobiles using this fuel from fermenting sugar,
is ? .
30.
A 90% mixture of gasoline and 10% of ? is
called ? .
31. What do cattails, ocean kelp, and water hyacinths all have in common?
32.
A measure of the degree of acidity of a lake is called the ? and
has
a value of ? for
neutral and about ? for
a highly acid
lake.
33. A colorless, tasteless gas that is given off by incomplete combustion in automobiles and that is toxic at high concentrations is called ? .
Physics 1110 - Test 4 - page 3
34.
The heating effect of the earth produced by the "greenhouse" effect
results mainly
from the buildup of ? in
the atmosphere.
35.
Two completely different factors contributing to the current increase
in
carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere are ? and ? .
36. LAB QUESTION: Suppose 136 lb diver climbs a ladder to a platform 75.3 ft high in 30.2 sec. The power done by the diver in climbing the ladder is ? (include units in your answer).
37.
The major difference between an active
solar energy system and a passive
solar energy system is that the passive system uses ? .
38. The
Kyoto protocol has as its ultimate objective stabilization of the production
of ? .
39.
The Hiawatha Light Rail connects ? to ? .
40. One of several inert gases used between double pane or triple pane windows is ? .
41. One substance, according to our speaker, that can be used over and over again with no reduction in quality is (a) aluminum, (b) glass, (c) paper, (d) plastic. (Please choose one.)
42.
Nuclear submarines most closely resemble a miniature: (a) graphite reactor,
(b) boiling water reactor, (c) pressurized water reactor, (d) graphite
reactor, (e) breeder reactor (Please choose one.)
B. Longer Answer Questions
1. (4) REVIEW QUESTION: Contrast and compare
nuclear fission with nuclear fusion. Draw a diagram illustrating each and
be sure to mention how energy is obtained from nuclear fission and how
energy is obtained from nuclear fusion?
2. (6) REVIEW QUESTION: Draw as best as
you can and explain the operation of a boiling-water
reactor. Be sure to include in your diagram the fuel rods, control rods,
turbine and generator. List two of the seven things that went wrong at
three mile island, and mention how pregnant women were treated during that
crisis.
Physics 1110 - Test 4 - page 4
3. (6) Draw a diagram of and explain the
operation of an active solar energy system. Explain how this system can
be used to heat a home using a "forced-air" heating system and how it can
also be used to heat water.
4. (5) Describe and list four specific
examples of a passive heating system. Include as one of your examples a
Trombe Wall.
5. (5) (a) Draw a block diagram of the
energy economic flow chart discussed in class. (b) Explain each block.
(c) What is known as "throughput" and how does it relate to our standard
of living? (d) What glaring problem is pointed out by this chart and what
can we do to reduce it?
6. (4) LAB QUESTION: How much does it cost to operate a 60 watt electric blanket for 8.00 hours on a cold winter night in the Northeastern U.S. where electricity costs 15.00 cents per KWH?
7. (4) No state nor even surrounding states
want to be selected as the depository of the nation's nuclear waste. (a)
Why was Yucca Mountain selected and what state is it in? (b) Briefly discuss
two of the many problems that have been encountered.
Physics 1110 - Test 4 - page 5
8. (5) LAB QUESTION: If the initial temperature
of 600.0
g unknown material is 100.0
deg C, calculate its specific heat if, upon insertion, it causes the temperature
of water and calorimeter to rise from 10.0
deg C to 20.0
deg C. The mass of that water is 300.0
g (specific heat: 1.00
cal/g C deg) and the mass of the calorimeter is 100.0
g (specific heat: 0.100
cal/g C deg). Neglect heat loss to atmosphere. Use correct significant
figures and precision in your calculation.
9.(5) How can MN cattails be used in order to produce energy in the (a) solid form, (b) liquid form and (c) gaseous form?
(a) in solid form:
(b) in liquid form:
(c) in gaseous form:
10. LAB QUESTION: A strange wooden house was constructed of no windows and 6.0 inch thick hardwood having an R-value of 0.80 per inch. The house was placed in the backyard on stilts with the 6.0 inch hardwood placed on the floor, ceiling, and all four walls. The structure measured 6.0 ft by 8.0 ft for the floor (and ceiling) and the walls are 7.0 ft high. If the structure was maintained at 75 deg F inside and the outside temperature at 5 deg F for the whole day, and there were 12.4 air changes per day, determine:
(a)(3) The heat lost by conduction for the day.
(b)(1) The heat lost by infiltration for the day.
(c)(2) The evaluating factor for the
structure.
PLEASE USE THE BACK SIDE OF THIS PAGE TO ANSWER THIS PROBLEM.
Physics 1110 - Test 4 - page 6
11. (4) TEXT ESSAY QUESTION: What is meant
by a "thermal inversion." List and compare two different kinds of these
"thermal inversions."
12. (14) MORE TEXT QUESTIONS: Define or
briefly discuss the following:
flywheels
hybrid vehicles
fuel cells
troposphere
aerosols
pH
Montreal Protocol
global warming & two responsible gases
ozone depletion and one responsible cause
GOOD LUCK EVERYONE, AND HAVE A GREAT REMAINING SUMMER! JA